Powering the future: a comprehensive review of battery energy storage systems

Global society is significantly speeding up the adoption of renewable energy sources and their integration into the current existing grid in order to counteract growing environmental problems, particularly the increased carbon dioxide emission of the last century. Renewable energy sources have a tremendous potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions because they practically never produce any carbon dioxide or other pollutants. On the other hand, these energy sources are usually influenced by geographical location, weather, and other factors that are of stochastic nature. The battery energy storage system can be applied to store the energy produced by RESs and then utilized regularly and within limits as necessary to lessen the impact of the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. The main purpose of the review paper is to present the current state of the art of battery energy storage systems and identify their advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, this helps researchers and engineers in the field to find out the most appropriate configuration for a particular application. This study offers a thorough analysis of the battery energy storage system with regard to battery chemistries, power electronics, and management approaches. This paper also offers a detailed analysis of battery energy storage system applications and investigates the shortcomings of the current best battery energy storage system architectures to pinpoint areas that require further study.This publication is part of the project TED2021-132864A-I00, funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR”.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

PLC-Based Pressure Control in Multi-Pump Applications

The paper is devoted to the centrifugal pumps represented the most popular type of pumping equipment used in different areas. The pressure control approach for variable speed driven (VSD) parallel connected centrifugal pumps is reported. The goal of the study is optimization of some quality indices, such as efficiency, consumed power, productivity, energy carrier temperature, heat irradiation, etc. One of them – efficiency – has been studied in the paper more carefully. The mathematical model of pumping process is discussed and a vector-matrix description of the multi-pump application is given. The program-based pressure control system is developed which productivity is changed by regulating the number of working pumps. The paper introduces new pressure control algorithms based on the working point estimation intended for programmable logical controllers (PLC). Experiments prove correctness of the offered methodology

Model of hybrid speed and throttle control for centrifugal pump system enhancement

A Simulink/DriveSize based model for the hybrid speed and throttle control of a centrifugal pumping plant equipped with a variable speed drive is proposed in this paper. The model provides the possibility of input power estimation for mutual throttling and speed control. In addition, to evaluate the optimal operation point according to these calculations. The current model is designed to provide the ability to choose the most optimal valve position and the rotational speed of the pumping system with the help of hybrid speed and throttle control strategy. The model consists of two main parts one part is used to simulate speed control and the second part for throttling simulation. To evaluate the developed model, a series of tests have been carried out. The evaluation of the model shows that the proposed hybrid system is more beneficial from the power consumption point of view than the conventional one based separately on speed control or throttle control. The designed model is useful for control enhancement of the centrifugal pumping plants operation

Model for pump driven heating system in domestic application

A Matlab/Simulink based thermal model for the heating system (HS) in a domestic application with centrifugal pump equipped with a variable speed drive is proposed in this paper. The model provides the possibility to control the indoor climate according to the predefined set point to keep the appropriate temperature. In addition, to evaluate the energy consumption. The current model is designed to provide the ability to take into account the thermal parameters of the particular building, like heat transfer coefficients and heat accumulation rates. The model consists of two main parts one part is used to simulate the thermal behavior of the building and the second part is a centrifugal pump itself. The designed model can be useful for control enhancement of the centrifugal pumping plants operation in heating applications. One of the advantages of the model is the ability to handle changing thermal conditions and compensate it effectively as much as possible. It can help to maintain the preferred indoor temperature despite the change of outdoor weather conditions

The method of monitoring of the state of insulation for operational DC grids in power plants and substations

The article deals with optimization of the energy consumption of the building with photovoltaic system (PV). The first part briefly describes the building with implemented measuring and regulation system (the hardware platform, connection and real installation). Next part deals with possibilities of predictive control of the heating system in off-line and on-line mode. Finally the complete energy management of the building is described (air-to-water heat pump, PV, vehicle charging)

PLC-Based Pressure Control in Multi-Pump Applications

The pressure control approach for variable speed driven (VSD) parallel connected centrifugal pumps is reported. The goal of the study is optimization of some quality indexes, such as efficiency, consumed power, productivity, energy carrier temperature, heat irradiation, etc. The paper introduces new pressure control algorithms based on vector-matrix working point estimation intended for programmable logical controllers (PLC). Experiments prove correctness of the offered methodology.

Simulation Study of Mixed Pressure and Flow Control Systems for Optimal Operation of Centrifugal Pumping Plants

A Simulink/DriveSize based model for the mutual pressure and flow control of a centrifugal pumping plant with a variable speed drive is proposed. The model provides the possibility of power calculation during both throttling and speed control and to estimate the optimal working point according to these calculations. The model is developed to provide the possibility of power reduction during pressure and flow maintenance with the help of mixed pressure control strategy. To evaluate the system, a series of experiments have been conducted. After the validation of the proposed model through testing, which proved that the designed system is more beneficial from the power consumption point of view than the traditional pressure control methods, it can be stated that the system is useful for pressure and flow control optimization of the centrifugal pumping plants